Being a copy editor and proofreader isn’t always just about missing commas, errant hyphens and using their right there (or their, or they’re). Sometimes my job turns into fact-checker — and sometimes that means digging up some unusual stuff.
This week I was proofreading an article when I started to wonder about the lack of comma in a historical quote. It’s the freedom of speech quote from George Washington’s Newburgh Address, which gets used a lot when people are talking about free speech.
The quote I was proofreading struck me as odd because, as anyone who’s spent time digging through archives knows, Revolution-era speeches are riddled with commas, semi-colons, ampersands and Biblical capitalization, and passive phrases are common. Not only was the quote I was looking at remarkably clear and in an active voice, it seemed to be missing a comma. As the potentially missing comma niggled, I remembered a scene in some novel where a character is talking about how people often misquote an important military figure. So I opened my browser and started searching for Washington’s quote.
I discovered a few things in the course of my search:
A PBS transcript of the Address was not the same as the quote in the article I was proofing.
Another transcript on MountVernon.org was close to, but not the same as, both the PBS transcript and the quote in the article I was proofing — which made me wonder if all three were wrong. (And made me really worry, given that this transcript is part of a lesson plan for school kids — yikes!)
So I dug deeper, and I found something awesome: The Massachusetts Historical Society has images of the original and a transcript online. (I love archives!)
It turned out I was right. The original quote not only had more commas, but some of the wording was different and there were dashes, an ampersand and some unusual capitalization. Here’s the exact quote:
”[…] reason is of no use to us — the freedom of Speech may be taken away — and, dumb & silent we may be led, like sheep, to the Slaughter.”
To be fair, I love this sort of work. Looking for and finding historical documents and finding unequivocal answers to questions is like striking gold (except for the being rich part). And it didn’t hurt that the managing editor was impressed that I’d found the original.
But this isn’t just a little story about the weird twists and turns you take as a copy-editor; there is plenty to be learned.
As a copy editor or proofreader, it’s really important to trust your gut. If you’re not sure about something, look it up. Don’t assume the handling editor or fact-checker had the same reservations. People miss things and make mistakes.
If you’re a writer and you want to use a quote in a story, make sure you find the original. The internet is riddled with websites dedicated to famous quotes, but quotes are often misquoted. Don’t take a non-original source at face value. Quote websites are great for finding thematic quotes for a story, but once you’ve found a quote you like, look up the original so that you can be sure you’re not repeating a misquote.
If you’re a fact-checker, don’t accept a source that isn’t original (or as close to original as possible if the original is lost or destroyed). If a writer provides an inferior source, take the time to dig around and find the original — trust me, it’s worth it. And you never know what you’ll find…